2. ABR, kidney, liver

  1. Explain the algorithm by which we assess acid-base and blood gas disorders. Apply the algorithm to any combination of pH, pCO2, BEECT, Clcor and AG values in real patients. Determine the type of ABR disorder, its cause, and finally outline the basic treatment strategy
  2. Explain the importance of the compensation chart and demonstrate its use using a specific example.
  3. Explain the relationship between the changes:
    1. pH and calcemia; 
    2. Glycaemia and natremia
  4. Compare GFR estimates based on serum creatinine and serum cystatin. Give examples of when it is appropriate to use which estimate.
  5. Combine ALT, ALP and bilirubin results to determine the underlying cause of elevation of any one or a combination of these markers.